Key Components Of A Computer Essay - 1045 Words

A computer is a system of parts that work and interconnect with each other. When it comes to the number of items that make up a computer it comes down to one number, Seven. There are seven key components that a computer is made of. Starting with what holds all the parts, part number one is the case. Your computer would be just a pile of parts and wires without it. The second important component is the power supply. The power supply is what brings your computer and its components to life. The next component is the hard drive. The hard drive is used to store data. Now to the heart and the brain of a computer. The motherboard is the center of the computer. The motherboard allows all the other computer parts to communicate with each other. Following the motherboard is the CPU (Central Processing Unit), the CPU is what tells all the other components where the data should go. Following the CPU and Motherboard is the RAM. Random Access Memory (RAM) is used by applications to start. This is faster than the getting the info from the hard drive. The last component needed is a disc drive. This is needed to download software and or an operating system onto your computer, as well as reading CD’s, DVD’s and eve n blue ray disks. All seven items are needed in order for a computer to work and function. Computer Hardware Every computer is made up of a group of parts that all work and communicate together. This series of parts is what you can physically see and hold. Simply put, aShow MoreRelatedThe Key Component Of Computer Systems1371 Words   |  6 Pages Memory has been the key component of computer systems right from the beginning. The convergence of consumer, communication, and data processing applications combined with the rapid growth of cloud computing services have led to an explosive growth in memory requirement (Baldi et al., 2014; Abaker et al., 2015). At present, DRAM and NAND flash memories together make up 89% of the memory market (Baldi et al., 2014). 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Compare and Contrast Essay Samples Toefl - a Brief Overview

Compare and Contrast Essay Samples Toefl - a Brief Overview What You Don't Know About Compare and Contrast Essay Samples Toefl Merely mentioning the similarities and differences isn't enough if one can't analyze the principal ideas. You cannot do both, since it's going to be too confusing for your readers. When you have read our helpful on-line article, we'd like to provide something you couldn't even imagine. You may discuss a feeling of taste and the book of your favourite author. The above mentioned compare and contrast essay topics are only a few of many topics it is possible to decide to talk about in your essay. Again, compare and contrast essays can cover just about any topic and can pop up in a number of subject areas. Before you begin, it's imperative to choose topics which you really know well. It might be necessary to liaise with other people to recognize the good compare and contrast essay topics. If necessary, you could always turn to professionals to supply you with a nudge or assist you with your topics or sources. You see that it's an unusual topic which may be quite tough to imagine or explain, but some students might just turn that topic into a masterpiece. Students can pick from thousands of compare and contrast essay topics but the important aspect to be considered is the principal use of the essay. It may be the simple fact that the compare and contrast essay template is written by somebody with very bad understanding of the subject and thus the essay is well worth using or, as stated earlier, it may be that the compare and contrast essays examples are written by non-native English speakers, and thus full of mistakes. You must research the selected topic and discover facts to contradict your primary thesis. This moment, you must find out more about the topic to see the facts that contradict your thesis. You must research your topic to select three claims. What You Should Do to Find Out About Compare and Contrast Essay Samples Toefl Before You're Left Behind To ensure that you relate all the info you've researched in a thorough fashion, you must stick to the prescribed compare and contrast essay format by your professor or the academe. The word compare' is a little bit of a misnomer when used concerning a comparative essay analysis. You are able to submit your essay by re gistering for evaluation. The reply to the disturbing question like how to compose a compare and contrast essay starts with the structure of this sort of academic writing. The body paragraphs within this kind of essay can take any form, so students are free to choose a body paragraph structure that is most suitable for them. When the writer has the information that will enter the essay, they should just begin writing! Additional an essay writer must also have the ability to give valid references on the arguments which he would want to include in the paragraph. Use particular reasons to come up with your essay. So How About Compare and Contrast Essay Samples Toefl? Additionally, these essays permit students develop critical thinking skills to approach a selection of topics. Students will locate some decent points and ideas essential for the evolution of a great school or college comparative essay. They may be asked to write essays in almost every area of study. They can typically understand the structure with just a short amount of instruction. When you opt to attend college, you must choose whether you intend to visit a private school, or whether you wish to attend a public one. Public colleges are also more likely to provide a wide array of academic programs. Students write much better papers when they have some fantastic examples in front of those. Some people think that university students should be asked to attend classes. The very first thing you ought to do is identify the kind of compare and contrast essay which you're handling. Both cities share a very costly price tag of livingboth in regard to housing and shopping. Our life is about comparing, so when we, for instance, face a selection of purchasing apples or pears, our decision will likely be influenced by numerous factors. You're given the freedom to not just pick compare and contrast topics all on your own, but you need the freedom to select the side of your support together with how to contrast it. The Meaning of Compare and Contrast Essay Samples T oefl As a way to continue to keep your essay informative and engaging, you will want to source for factual information which not only impresses the reader but also teaches them something they might not have already known. In a number of sections of text's most important body you are supposed to demonstrate different contrast or compare points. You might want to try two or three distinct formats for your topic as a way to choose which best suits your subject. Besides, for every kind of writing, you can come across various examples in our database.

Dover Beach Essay Research Paper How can free essay sample

Dover Beach Essay, Research Paper How can life or anything be so fantastic, but at times seem so intolerable? This is a inquiry that Matthew Arnold may hold asked himself one twenty-four hours, while composing Dover Beach . This is a verse form about a sea and a beach that is genuinely beautiful, but hold much deeper significance than what meets the oculus. The verse form is written in free poetry with no peculiar metre or rime strategy, although some of the words do rime. Arnold is the talker speech production to person he loves. As the verse form progresses, the reader sees why Arnold poses the inquiry stated above, and why life seems to be the manner it is. During the first portion of the verse form Arnold provinces, The Sea is unagitated tonight and in line 7, Merely, from the long line of spray . In this manner, Arnold is puting the temper or scene so the reader can understand the point he is seeking to portray. We will write a custom essay sample on Dover Beach Essay Research Paper How can or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In lines 1-6 he is speaking about a really peaceable dark on the of all time so unagitated sea, with the moonshine reflecting so intensely on the land. Then he states how the moonshine glows and is gone because the drops of England are standing at their highest extremums, which are barricading the visible radiation of the Moon. Next, the moving ridges come boom into the image, as they pull back and fling the pebbles onto the shore and back out to sea once more. Arnold besides references that the shore brings the ageless note of unhappiness in , possibly stand foring the rhythms of life and repeat. Arnold so starts depicting the history of Sophocle # 8217 ; s thought of the Aegean # 8217 ; s turbid wane and flow . The sea is get downing to go rougher and all agitated. Besides the reference of human wretchedness implies that life begins and ends, but it can still be full of felicity, and unluckily, at the same clip, unhappiness. The Sea of Faith was one time, excessively, at the full, and round Earth # 8217 ; s shore. The key word in that stan za is one time, because it implies that he ( Arnold ) used to look at the sea in a different manner than he does now. Throughout the whole verse form, Arnold uses a metaphor to depict his positions and sentiments. Now he merely hears its melancholy, long, retreating boom. It seems as though Arnold is oppugning his ain religion. The whole verse form is based on a metaphor # 8211 ; Sea to Faith. When the sea retreats, so does faith, and leaves us with nil. In the last nine lines, Arnold wants his love and himself to be true to one another. The land, which he thought was so beautiful and new, is really nil neither joy, nor love, nor light . In world, Arnold is showing that nil is certain, because where there is light there is dark and where there is happiness there is unhappiness. We are here though every bit on a darkling field, swept with baffled dismaies of battle and flight, where nescient ground forcess clang at dark . Arnold uses much initial rhyme in the verse form. For illustration, in line 31, To lie before us like a land of dreams , reiterating the missive L at the beginning of three words. Besides, in line 4, Gleams and is gone? , reiterating the missive G. The use of vowel rhyme and consonant rhyme is non widespread in Dover Beach . In line 3 # 8211 ; ? on the Gallic seashore the visible radiation # 8211 ; the repeat of the missive T is shown, as an illustration of consonant rhyme. Other literary techniques, such as onomatopoeia and exaggeration, are non used in the verse form, besides the metaphor for Faith being the Sea. The enunciation Arnold uses creates a sense of peaceableness and composure. It is reasonably easy understood vocabulary, with the exclusion of a few words, such as meter and darkling. From reading Matthew Arnold # 8217 ; s Dover Beach , one realizes that there is no certainty in life. When everything is traveling absolutely, something unfortunate may go on at any given clip, with no premonition.

Understanding The Impact Of Informational Package Elements free essay sample

Packaging seems to be one of the most important factors in purchase decisions made at the point of sale (Prendergast and Pitt, 1996), where it becomes an essential part of the selling process (Rettie and Brewer, 2000). Munyadzi (2013) reveals the function of packaging has transformed over the years as it was solely used as a means of protecting the product and making sure that the product could be consumed without being altered as it is transported form one point to the other. The dynamic nature of the marketing environment has propelled packaging to have other functions that also act as powerful marketing tools (Mitchell 2003). Meanwhile, Kotler (2012) expressed packaging has been transformed to become one of the most important and powerful tools for promoting products, eye-catching the attention of prospective consumers and communicating the value of the brand to the target market. According to Stewart (2003), food product development and innovation continues to be seen as a fundamental strategy for competitive success and survival within a competitive global market. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding The Impact Of Informational Package Elements or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nowadays, many food retailers are facing a somewhat challenging scenario where the cost of marketing is also rising and it is becoming more difficult to maintain sales for brands that are not the first choice household name (Peters, 2004). In addition, consumers are becoming more demanding in terms of quality and choice and are constantly seeking a product tailored to their every want and need (Mitchell, 2003). Products are developed to, and indeed are expected by consumers to taste good; therefore, it is not surprising that consumers will increasingly make their initial choices based on aesthetic value (Dumaine, 1991). Thus, the question commonly faced by many food retailers is how to distinguish or differentiate their product from competing products. During the 1980s, UK food retailers began to enhance the pack design of their products, discovering that improvements in packaging design and product quality enabled them to compete directly with food manufacturers (Southgate, 1994). 1. 2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Packaging could be treated as one of most valuable tool in today’s marketing communications, necessitating more detail analysis of its elements an impact of those elements on consumer buying behavior. Analyzing an importance of its separate elements for consumer’s choice can reveal the impact of package its elements on consumer’s purchase decision. For this purpose main package’s elements could be identified into food label information (Ingredient, instruction, weight, expiry date, halal mark), brand element (brand name, slogan, logo, symbol) and nutrition information (protein, energy, vitamin, sugar, fat). The impact of package its elements on consumer’s purchase decision can be revealed by analyzing an importance of its separate elements for consumer’s choice. The aim of this study if to determine the impact of informational package elements toward consumer purchasing behavior for carbonated drinks product. So, the question is to what extent does, brand elements, nutritional elements, and food level information influence consumer buying decision among residents in Melaka Tengah towards carbonated drinks product. 1. 3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS Based on the specific objectives above, this study seeks to find the answers for the following research questions. 1. Is there any significant relationship between the brand elements, nutritional elements, and food level information on the consumer buying decision? 2. What are the most effective packaging elements that can influences consumer to buy the product promoted? 1. 4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES General Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the effect of packaging elements on consumer purchasing decision towards carbonated drinks. Specific Objectives 1. To measure the level of influential of packaging elements of carbonated drinks and its specific dimensions among Melaka Tengah Community. 2. To determine the relationship between independent variables (brand elements, nutritional elements, and food level information) and its specific elements toward consumer purchasing decisions among Melaka Tengah Community. 3. To indicates the most influential element that effect purchasing behavior of customer. 1. 5 HYPOTHESIS a) Brand Elements, H1 H1: Brand elements has a significant impact on consumer’ purchase decisions b) Nutritional Elements, H2 H2: Nutritional elements has a significant impact on consumer’ purchase decisions c) Food Level Information, H3 H3: Food level information has a significant impact on consumer’ purchase decisions 1. 6 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY The findings of this research will help the company to determine what the important key factor that influence consumer buying decision on carbonated drinks whether it is brand elements, nutritional elements, and food level information. Other than that, it is also help the management to make corrective action to increase the level of consumer buying decision and at the same time to improve the company’s performance in order to help them to be more competent in future. The result from the research will also help to enhance the body of knowledge which is to reinforce the existing and also develop new theory. The study also will help to get better understanding of the variables which have been used in this research 1. 7 LIMITATION OF STUDY The findings of this study have to be interpreted considering few limitations. Firstly, limitations include the time constraint. Due to other responsibility, the time given is limited to complete the research with prescribed time. To get a suitable topic that is related to the research, an enough time is needed in order to complete the research. A lot of time is required to know and fully understand about the problem as stated in many journal articles. To construct the questionnaires its required a quite long time to complete it because it needs to make an observation and by interview some people in that organization or company to get the accurate data about this research proposal. And also to ensure the words and meaning were made clear to every respondent, there is always a possibility that individual respondent might interpret the meanings of the questions differently from others. The last limitation is the cost constraint. As a researcher, we have limited sources of budget due to Internet fees, transportation and others. We need amount of money to get accurate information. This also causes by over budget, by doing a research they didn’t manage their sources or budget very well and its limits the research to conduct a survey in a large level. Since this research need us to make observation, interview and spreading out the questionnaire to the respondent, some cost might incur to conduct overall process. 2. 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1 INDEPENDENT VARIABLES BRAND ELEMENTS Brand element according to Keller (2008) can be brought as many dimensions that differentiate them from other product designed to satisfy one need; these differences may be rational or tangible, or symbolic, emotional and intangible. Furthermore, whilst most brand practitioners argue that the package design is an important component of the brand strategy (Dadzie and Mensah, 2011), literature on packaging information (Silayoi and Speece, 2004; Estiri et. al 2010) tends to view the brand elements as a key ingredient of the product informational package elements. The proponents of branding position that in the consumers’ mind, a well known brand can be dependent upon and consumers tend to perceive the quality of the products based on the brand strategy (Aaker, 1991). One of the brand elements is brand name where substitutions have become a frequent phenomenon, and companies confronted with rebranding are often mentioned in the business press (Muzellec and Lambkin, 2009). Brand name substitution consists of changing the name of a product or service which is marketed by a company (Muzellec and Lambkin, 2006; Muzellec and Lambkin, 2007). Next is a slogan, according to Rogers (2008) the acceptance of the concept of purchasing infused drinks from any outlet by the young consumers’ signals a form of social change or lifestyle. The slogan falls under brands element said that slogan can possess an idea worthy to consumer loyalty Martinez, 2004). Other part that contributes under brand element is name and logo gives contribute to a key component of brand identity, since they are the most pervasive elements in corporate and brand communications, and provide instant recognition of the brand (Schechter, 1993; Henderson and Cote, 1998). In this context, as a brand identity sign, a logo can refer to a variety of graphic or typeface elements, ranging from word-driven, i. e. including word marks or stylized letter marks, through to image-driven, i. e. including pictorial marks (Henderson and Cote, 1998; Wheeler, 2003). More recently, Walsh et al. (2010, 2011) examined consumer responses to logo shape redesigns (from angular to more rounded shapes). Theorists agree that well-designed logos should be recognizable, evoke positive affect and allow the transmission of a set of shared associations (Kohli, 2002). Lastly, a symbol under brand element shows that according to Smelser (1973) an object which is representation of a different entity. Moreover, Hostetler (1964) said that this elements can be defined as a symbol as a â€Å"visible object† that is representative of an idea. Symbols can also be representative of the worldview of a social or cultural group (White, 1949) and therefore be presented in art form; for example through architecture (Ikebude, 2009). NUTRITIONAL INFORMATION Nutrition elements are one of label that contain at carbonated drinks. According to Dougherty (2006). Most consumers would like to see nutrition information at places where they go out to eat; however, only limited research has explored how well this information is understood by consumers and which consumers may be most likely to use menu labels in making decisions about what to purchase. Nutrition labelling reduces consumers’ intentions to purchase items high in calories and fat, especially when there is a greater discrepancy between the perceived content and actual content. Loureiro et al (2006) found that consumers were willing to pay approximately 11% higher for a box of cookies with a nutritional label than one without such a label. One of the nutrition elements are energy. If products have no special labelling or have a number of complex methods of indicating the energy contents of that product, the actual energy contents can vary dramatically across a range of similar products (Fineli 2011). Understanding what the energy contents of a product might be is then dependent on a consumers skill and knowledge in interpreting this information (Drichoutis et al. 2006). Another elements of nutrition elements are vitamins. Women are more concerned about the low fat of the products as safety of the food. On the contrary, men are concerned about the necessary vitamins, freshness and label information whereas both are concerned about expiry date as most important aspect toward food safety. In the present context, information on negative nutrients, such as fat, may be more salient than information on positive nutrients, such as vitamins (Burton,1993). Motivation to search for information is greater when consumers are provided with highly arousing negative consequences and specific ways to minimise them (Moorman, 1990). Sugar also one of the elements in nutrition. According to Blisard (1994) These concern have also been fuelled by recent consumer group studies, which have stirred controversy about whether added sugar and starches compromise nutrition. A slightly smaller percentage,74 percent, indicated that they had heard about health problems associated with consuming excessive amounts of sugars. Protein also been classified as one of nutrition elements. Whey and soy proteins contributed different sensory properties to the beverages and bars. In blinded comparisons, consumers preferred bars and beverages with whey or mixtures of whey and soy protein to applications with soy protein alone. The consumer perception of these proteins when specifically labelled as such in bars and beverages was not addressed (Childs et al,2007). The last element in nutrition are fat content. According to Kim (2000) , consumers who used nutrition labels tend to consume less calories from fat and saturated fat ,and to eat a diet low in fat (Finke 2000). In addition, consumers evaluated food products displaying nutrition labels as more valuable than non-labelled products. (Loureiro, 2006). FOOD LABEL INFORMATION Food labels are the prime channel for information dissemination between food producers and retailers, and the consumers of food products (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization (FAO, WHO), 2001). Other that, they contain various information elements which can be classified into different categories: for example, mandatory (Her Majesty’s Government, 1996) and commercial (McIlveen and Semple, 2002). According to Doi (2007) Halal is a Quranic term that means permitted, allowed, lawful or legal. Its opposite is Haram (forbidden, unlawful or illegal). In Islam and according to Shariah (Islamic Law), all issues concerning Halal or Haram and even all disputes should be referred to Quran and Sunnah (prophetic tradition). Furthermore a trust mark (Halal logo) can be placed on the Halal products for Muslims to know that the product is Halal (Cheng, 2008). Research has shown although current Halal standards regulate food production, preparation, handling and storage to some degree, it does not ensure that the product is Halal at the point of consumption (Tieman, 2006). Harcar and Karakaya (2005) found that consumers were most likely to check expiration dates prior to purchasing a product if the expiration dates were easily found and that consumers ceased checking the dates if they had difficulty finding them. They speculated that the size, color, or font, as well as placement on product packages, could contribute to the consumer’s difficulty in locating the date. According to the 1990 Food Marketing Institute’s Trends Survey, 72% of people check product expiration dates and women are more inclined to check than men (Mueller,1991, as cited in Harcar Karakaya, 2005). Pepsi CO Inc. (1981) shows that soft drink manufacturers justi? ed adding caffeine to soft drinks on the basis that caffeine was a ? avor enhancer. If caffeine had not been accepted as a ? avor enhancer, but had been regarded as a psychoactive ingredient, soft drinks might have been regulated by the FDA as drugs. However, the FDA approved caffeine and limited the maximum caffeine content of cola-type soft drinks to 0. 02% caffeine, or 71 mg/12 ? uid oz (Food and Drug Administration, 2003). Previous studies have already investigated the heavier weight that negative, as compared with positive information, has on the impression formation process (Fiske, 1980; Mizerski, 1982). In order to minimize this potential negative effect of the product recall message on consumer behaviour, the company making a product recall should emphasize that it is taking action in a socially responsible manner (Mowen et al. , 1981). According to Mowen (1980), using an experimental approach, manipulated variables as consumer knowledge of the company making the product recall, whether or not the company was compelled to make the recall by a consumer product safety commission, and whether or not other manufacturers had had a similar defect. Products that are innovations â€Å"New-to-the-world products revolutionize existing product categories, or define wholly new ones† (Crawford et al. , 2003). Furthermore, these new products may include an innovative technology and require consumer instruction (Cooper, 2011). 2. 2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFORMATIONAL PACKAGE ELEMENTS AND CONSUMER PURCHASING BEHAVIOUR Despite the availability of numerous researches on the impact of informational package elements on consumer purchase behaviour, there seems to be no agreement on how consumers will react to different socio-cultural set-ups. In this study, the following informational elements: brand elements, nutritional information and food labels are going to be broken down so that the sub variables will be examined to see how they influence the purchase behaviour of university students. The outlined informational elements are divided as follows: brand elements (brand name, slogans, Logos, symbols and flavour), nutritional information (energy, protein, fat, vitamins, fibre, calcium and sugar) and food label information (instruction of use, expiry date, weight/volume, ingredients and storage conditions). The ultimate findings would then be employed by marketing managers to develop best fitting strategies on how best they may manipulate consumer purchase behaviour through the use of informational package elements. The following model is drawn using basis upon which our hypo theses are crafted. 2. 3 RESEARCH FRAMEWORK H1 H2 H3 3. 0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3. 1 RESEARCH DESIGN This study is a quantitative research study. This study is designed to use a descriptive correlation design to investigate the differences in means and frequency distribution of job satisfaction, the dependent variable and the selected independent variable and its dimensions. Firstly, the dependent and the independent variables are identified. Then, the measurement scales of the identified variables is sought and determined. Before the measurement scales is used, the validity and reliability of the scales will be assessed. Secondly, a representative sample is selected to represent the population of the study so that the results of the study could be generalized to the population at large. Next, the data were collected from the sample using the validated and reliable research instrument. After the data is collected, it will be analyzed using a combination of statistical analyses such as descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Among the descriptive statistics used will be frequency distribution, measures of central tendency and measures of variability. Correlation analysis is used to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Further clarification of data collection and data analysis procedures will be presented in the later part of this chapter. 3. 2 MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION Questionnaires are used as a research instrument to collect data from the respondents identified for this study. The questionnaires consist on the effectiveness of main package’s label information (Ingredient, instruction, weight, expiry date, halal mark), brand element (brand name, slogan, logo, symbol) and nutrition information (protein, energy, vitamin, sugar, fat) towards the consumer buying decision. 3. 3 POPULATION OF THE STUDY Almost all scientific method of research obtain their information from the respondents who provide the information and they are called population. With this assumption, the populations of the respondents for this research consist of consumer who drinks carbonated drinks in Melaka Tengah . In this study, 80 respondents will be chosen from population consisting of 40 males and 40 females. 3. 4 SAMPLING The sample size is 80 respondents. The sampling frame is a physical representation of all the elements in the population from which the sample is drawn. In this research a randomly 80 respondents will be chosen at Dataran Pahlawan at Mynews. com retail outlet because it is one of the outlet that sells carbonated drinks that also have high visitors. The main reason to sample is to save time and money. 3. 5 DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES This research used self administrated questionnaire for collecting data. Using self report paper pen, straight answer questionnaire techniques, consumer will be asked to rate their preference on a five point Likert scale on which they are to indicate whether items are â€Å"strongly disagree†, â€Å"disagree†, â€Å"neutral†, â€Å"agree† and â€Å"strongly agree† characteristics of themselves. Dichotomous scale that used elicits a Yes or No, Category scale that used multiple items to elicit a single response. In Multiple-Choices Questions, respondents will ask to select one or more of the alternative given. In the questionnaire, multiple-choices questions were asked in section 1 (Demographic Information). 3. 6 DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURES 1) Descriptive statistic According to Leary (2001), descriptive statistics is a powerful tool to describe and understand the data so that they can be easily comprehended by others. The descriptive statistics employed in this study were as followed: (1) To measures of central tendency; (2) To measures of variability; and (3) frequency distribution. These statistics were used to extract and summarize quantitative information from the sample. Measures of central tendency helped to find a single index that could represent the whole set of measure. This study utilized the mean or average to describe the data in terms of average values. Mean was chosen because the variables investigated in this study such as the dependent variable (work motivation, organizational commitment and corporate culture) and the independent variable (job satisfaction) were all interval data. This study also employed the most commonly used measure of variability and standard deviation to find out the dispersion or variability of the data set. Since it is also an interval statistic as the mean, it could be used to describe the degree of dispersion of all the interval variables (dependent and the independent variables). Frequency distribution was used to extract important features of the quantitative data of the study. The original data collected were group and presented in a summarized form by constructing appropriate tables and charts. 2) Correlation statistic According to Ary, et al. (1996), correlation statistic is a statistical technique used to measure the strength of the association or co-variation that exists between two quantitative variables. The strength of the relationship between two variables is measured by the coefficient of correlation, r, whose values may range from -1 to +1. If the direction of the relationship between two variables is positive, it means that high scores of one variable are associated with high scores of another variable and vice versa. When there is a relationship, correlation coefficient can also determine the strength of the relationship whether the variables have a strong relationship or a weak relationship. The closeness of the correlation coefficient to one implies a strong relationship between the two variables. When the correlation coefficient is zero, there is no correlation between the two variables. In this study, Elifson, Runyon, and Haber (1998) rule of the thumb was used to interpret the strength of the relationship (Table 1). Table 1: Criteria for Interpreting Strength of Relationship between Two Variables r value Strength of Relationship 0. 01 – 0. 30 Weak; Almost negligible relationship 0. 31 – 0. 70 Moderate; substantial relationship 0. 71 – 0. 99 Strong; marked relationship 1. 00 Perfect relationship 0 No relationship Source: Elifson, Runyon Haber, 1998 This study used Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of correlation (Pearson r) developed by Karl Pearson as the correlation index. This index was chosen because this index can only be used when the scale of measurement for the variables is interval or ratio (Runyon, Haber, Pittenger, and Coleman 2000). Furthermore, Pearson Correlation Coefficient is also an appropriate measure of relationship between two variables when the quantitative variables are normally distributed. It can also provide a meaningful index for indicating relationship, with the sign of the coefficient indicating the direction of the relationship, and the differences between the coefficient and zero indicating the degree of the relationship 4. 0 REFERENCES Aaker, D. A. (1991). Managing Brand Equity. The Free Press, New York. Benokraitis, N. V. and Ravelli, B. (Eds), Seeing Ourselves (Canadian Edition), Pearson Prentice-Hall, Toronto, pp. 32-6. Blisard, N. , J. Blaylock, and D. Smallwood. (1994). Dietary Fiber Effects of Socioeconomic Characteristics and Knowledge. Technical Bulletin 1840, search Services US.. Department of Agriculture Burton, S. , Biswas, A. and Netemeyer, R. (1994), Effects of alternative nutrition label formats and nutrition reference information on consumer perceptions, comprehension and product evaluations’’, Journal of Public Policy andMarketing, Vol. 13 No. 1, pp. 36-47. Cheng, P. L. K. (2008), â€Å"The brand marketing of Halal products: the way forward the Icfai University†, Journal of Brand Management, Vol. V No. 4, pp. 37-50. CHILDS, J. L. , YATES, M. D. and DRAKE, M. A. (2007). Sensory properties of meal replacement bars and beverages made from whey and soy proteins. J. Food Sci. 72, S425–S434. Cooper R. G. (2001). Winning at New Products (3rd edition). New York: Addison Wesley P. 8, P. 14-15, Pp 130-141. Crawford, M. and Benedetto, A. D. (2003) â€Å"New Product Management† (7th edition). New York: mc GrawHill. Dadzie, A. and Boachie-Mensah, F. And Brand Preference for Mobile Phone Operator Services in the Cape Coast Metropolis International Journal of Business and Management Vol. 6, No. 11; November 2011. Doi, A. R. I. (2007), Shariah: The Islamic Law, A. S. Doordeen, Kuala Lumpur. Drichoutis, A. C. , P. Lazaridis,, and R. M. Nayga (2006), â€Å"Consumer Use of Nutritional Food Labels. 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Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21 volume 3, Sec. 182. 1180. http://www. cfsan. fda. gov/? lrd/fcf182. html. Accessed on February 28, 2008. Henderson, P. W. and Cote, J. A. (1998), â€Å"Guidelines for selecting and modifying logos†, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 62, April, pp. 14-30. Her Majesty’s Government (1996), The Food Labelling Regulations 1996, HMSO, London, SI 1996 No. 1499. Hostetler, J. (1964), â€Å"The Amish use of symbols and their function in bounding the community†, The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 94 No. 1, pp. 11-22. Ikebude, C. (2009), â€Å"Identity in Igbo architecture: Ekwuru, Obi, and the African Continental Bank building†, unpublished MA thesis, The Ohio University, Athens, OH. Keller, K. L. (2008), Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring and Managing Brand Equity, 3rd ed. , Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Kim, S. Y. , R. M. Nayga, et al. (2000). The Effect of Food Label Use on Nutrient Intakes: An Endogenous Switching Regression Analysis, Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 25(1): 215-231. Kohli, C. S. , Suri, R. and Thakor, M. (2002), â€Å"Creating effective logos: insight from theory and practice†, Business Horizons, May/June, pp. 58-64. Kotler, P. , and Keller, K. L. (2012). Marketing management, 14th ed. : Prentice-Hall, Inc. New Jersey Loureiro, M. L. , A. Gracia, et al. (2006). Do consumers value nutritional labels? European Review of Agricultural Economics 33(2): 249-268. Managing Innovation and Technology, 1st ed. , Pearson Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. McIlveen, H. and Semple, L. (2002), â€Å"Seeing is believing†, Nutrition Food Science, Vol. 32 No. 2, p. 80. Mowen, J. (1980) Further information on consumer perceptions of product recalls. Advances in Consumer Research, 7, 519–523. Mowen, J. , Jolly, D. Nickell, G. S. 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Size Pricing at Fast-Food Restaurants: A Consumer Perspective. † American Journal of Health Promotion, 20(4): 247–250, PepsiCo Inc. , 1981. The physical or technical effect of caffeine in cola beverages, vol. III. July 29, FDA docket No. 80N-0418. Peters, M. (2004), â€Å"Good packaging gets through to the fickle buyer†, Marketing, Vol. 20, pp. 10-12. Rogers, E. M. (2008), ‘‘Elements of diffusion’’, in Millson, M. R. and Wilemon, D. (Eds), The Strategy of Managing Innovation and Technology. Schechter, A. H. (1993), â€Å"Measuring the value of corporate and brand logos†, Design Management Journal, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 33-9. Silayoi, P. and Speece, M. (2004), â€Å"Packaging and purchase decisions: a focus group study on the impact of involvement level and time pressure†, British Food Journal, Vol. 106 No. 8, pp. 607-28. Smelser, N. (1973), Sociology Second Edition, Wiley, New York, NY. Southgate, P. (1994), Total Branding by Design, Biddles Ltd, Norfolk. Stewart-Knox, B. and Mitchell, P. (2003), â€Å"What separates the winners from the losers in new food product development? †, Trends in Food Science Food Technology, Vol. 14 Nos 1/2, pp. 58-63. Tieman, M. (2006), â€Å"From Halal to Haram†, The Halal Journal, November-December. Tslros, M. , Heilman, C. (2005). The Effect of Expiration Dates and Perceived Risk on Purchasing Behavior in Grocery Store Perishable Categories. Journal of Marketing, 69(2), 114-129. doi:10. 1509/jmkg. 69. 2. 114. 60762. Verbeke, W. (2005), ‘Consumer acceptance of functional foods: socio-demographic, cognitive and attitudinal determinants, Food quality and Preference, 16(1) pp. 45-57. Walsh, M. F. , Winterich, K. P. and Mittal, V. (2010), â€Å"Do logo redesigns help or hurt your brand? The role of brand commitment†, Journal of Product Brand Management, Vol. 19 No. 2, pp. 76-84. Walsh, M. F. , Winterich, K. P. and Mittal, V. 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along came a spider essays

along came a spider essays A long came a spider was written by James Patterson an is now a major movie from paramount. The book is about a black detective, Alex Cross who is assigned to a case on a serial killer and kidnapper who has taken two rich kids from their school in Washington and is holding them for a $10 million ransom. Before assigned to the kidnapping Alex is on the case of a black family in their home but when the two white rich kids were kidnapped Detective Alex Cross was forced to forget about the family murder and was made to investigate the kidnapping. James Patterson has made a point on how black people are treated unfairly and that racial prejudice is very prominent even in the 20th century. Alex is working with a great number pf expert detectives and one of them is Jezzie Flanagan a young and attractive secret service agent who is one of the only women agents and is constantly treated badly by the men in her agency. The book takes many twists and turns and was an incredibly well done novel. James Patterson also writes about the difference in social class. When the black family is just forgotten about Alex Cross is determined to be on there case but because he has no say in the matter he is forced to work on what the other detectives consider more important. However the two cases end up being connected and the detective is given the chance to work on both but the two kids are still the major priority before a savagely murdered black family. Gender is represented very well and shows how it is much harder for a women in a job like the secret service not because of physical incapability but because of the way they are treated by male co-workers. Most of the main characters in the novel are male which is to show that women are not respected as much as males are in government jobs. The society within the novel is very much like an ordinary American society and social class is depicted as a very important thing in the n ...

Implementing a Successful Tutoring Business Plan

Implementing a Successful Tutoring Business Plan So youve decided to start a tutoring business and youve already envisioned what you business will look like, who your potential clients will be, how much to charge, and where and when to schedule your tutoring sessions. Now Im ready to discuss how to handle the time in between your initial conversation with the client and the first tutoring session with your new student. Again, think Big Picture and think RESULTS. - What are your short- and long-term goals for this particular student? Why is his/her parent hiring you at this time? What results will the parent expect to see from their child? When parents send their children to public schools, they sometimes have lowered expectations because the education is free and the teachers have so many other students to work with. With tutoring, parents are shelling out hard-earned cash on a minute-by-minute basis and they want to see results. If they feel that you arent working productively with their child, you wont last long as their tutor and your reputation will suffer. Always keep that goal in mind before every session. Aim to make specific progress during each and every hour of tutoring. Facilitate an Initial Meeting. - If at all possible, Id recommend using your first session as a getting-to-know-you and goal-setting meeting with yourself, the student, and at least one of the parents.Take copious notes during this conversation. Here are some of the things you should discuss at this initial meeting:Clarify the parents expectations. Tell them a little about your lesson ideas and long-term strategies. Outline your invoicing and payment plans. Solicit tips for how best to work with the students strengths and weaknesses. Inquire about what strategies have worked in the past and also which ones havent worked. Ask if its OK to contact the students teacher for additional insight and progress reports. If it is, secure the contact information and follow-through at a later time. Ask for any materials that might be helpful for your sessions. Ensure that the session location will be quiet and conducive to studying. Let the parents know what you will require of them in order to maximize the effectiveness of your work. Clarify whether you should assign homework in addition to the homework the student will already have from regular school. Set Up the Ground Rules. - Just like in the regular classroom, students want to know where they stand with you and whats expected of them. Similar to the first day of school, discuss your rules and expectations, while letting the student know a little bit about you. Tell them how to handle their needs during the sessions, such as if they need a drink of water or to use the restroom. This is particularly important if you are tutoring in your own home, rather than the students, because the student is your guest and will likely be uncomfortable at first. Encourage the student to ask as many questions as he or she needs to. This is one of the main benefits of one-on-one tutoring, of course. Stay Focused and On Task Every Minute. - Time is money with tutoring. As you get rolling with the student, set the tone for productive meetings where every minute counts. Keep the conversation focused on the work at hand and hold the student tightly accountable for the quality of his/her work. Consider Implementing a Form of Parent-Tutor Communication. - The parents want to know what youre doing with the student each session and how it relates to the goals you set. Consider communicating with the parents on a weekly basis, perhaps through email. Alternatively, you can type up a little half-sheet form where you can write some informative notes and have the student bring it home to his/her parents after each session. The more you communicate, the more your clients will see you as on-the-ball and worth their financial investment. Set Up a Tracking and Invoicing System. - Carefully track each hour for each client. I keep a paper calendar where I daily write down my tutoring hours. I de cided to invoice on the 10th of each month. I acquired an invoice template through Microsoft Word and I send out my invoices over email. I request payment by check within 7 days of the invoice. Stay Organized and Youll Stay Productive. - Make a folder for each student where you will keep their contact information, as well as any notes about what youve already done with them, what you observe during your session, and what you plan to do in future sessions. That way, when your next session with that student approaches, youll have a shorthand for knowing where you left off and what comes next. Consider your cancellation policy. - Children are so busy today and so many families are mixed and extended and not living all under the same roof. This makes for complicated situations. Emphasize to the parents how important it is to attend each session on time and without too many cancellations or changes. I instituted a 24-hour cancellation policy where I reserve the right to charge the full hourly rate if a session is canceled on short notice. For reliable clients who rarely cancel, I might not exercise this right. For troublesome clients who always seem to have an excuse, I have th is policy in my back pocket. Use your best judgment, allow some leeway, and protect yourself and your schedule. Put Your Clients Contact Information in Your Cell Phone. - You never know when something will come up and you will need to contact a client. When youre working for yourself, you need to maintain control over your situation, your schedule, and any extenuating factors. Its your name and reputation that are on the line. Treat your tutoring business with seriousness and diligence and youll go far. If you decide that tutoring is for you, I wish you lots of luck and I hope all of these tips have been helpful to you!

Geothermal Energy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geothermal Energy - Case Study Example ates electrical power by utilizing the thermal energy from earth and converting it to the electrical energy by utilizing the methods utilized in a thermal power plant. To generate the power, long alloyed pipes that have higher resistivity against the corrosion and high temperatures and pressure are bored deep down into the earth’s crust to make the geothermal energy usable. When water is allowed to run into theses pipes, the geothermal energy makes the temperature of the water to shoot to a level where it converts into steam. Several geothermal power plants are working in the world to provide an uninterrupted power to different locations in the world. Geothermal grounds are parts where two tectonic plates meet. However, the energy can also be gathered without having the geothermal grounds by boring the pipes into the earth crust and marinating a heat exchange. Geothermal energy can be utilized for the majority of energy application like electricity generation, heating the water to be supplied to the homes and industry (DeGunther 2008). If considering the economic aspect of the energy source, it has enough potential to provide the energy to the world. It is type of green power and has a potential that cannot be counted but it has more than the potential to meet the all the energy requirements of the world (Mock, Tester & Wright 1997). In hotter regions it can also be utilized to maintain the temperature of home lower to certain degrees, as the temperature of the earth remains constant to 20-25o C. The operational cost associated to the geothermal power plants is comparatively low. While having so much advantages of the geothermal energy, there are some disadvantages of utilizing the geothermal energy. As the geothermal energy is made usable by digging deep down into the earth, the cost of the digging sometimes rises to an unmanageable way. Sometimes the expected amount of geothermal energy differs to the actual amount due to the lack of technology. Sometimes

Information Systems supporting Business Processes Research Paper

Information Systems supporting Business Processes - Research Paper Example In this regard, implementation of Information Systems (IS) like Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) and Management Information System (MIS) will be very effective ion achieving its next 5 years plan. The primary consideration in the betterment of Supply Chain Management, different levels of planning should properly organized through accurate decision makings. In this respect, daily transaction process and management information systems must be implemented properly. For TPS, IKEA should introduce RDIF technology in its inventory management for enhanced level of dialing activity with assured tracking system. In case of MIS, IKEA should follow ARIS framework that concentrates and related necessary business views. As RDIF and ARIS both are system-based technology, it requires the resources like software, hardware, proper communication, network, skilled labor, IT infrastructure and supporting organizational structure and culture. Table of Contents 1.Introduction 4 2.Importance Prevailing Inventory Management in IKEA 4 3.Business Process for IKEA to Manage Supply Chain 5 4.Information System for Supply Chain Management 7 4.1.Transaction Processing Systems and Management Information System 7 4.2.Requirement for IS for IKEA’s Supply Chain Management 9 5.Conclusion and Recommendation 10 Reference 11 1. Introduction The emergence of international trade that can be termed as major outcome of the globalization has led to increase the complexities of the prevailing business process. However, the prime reason behind such change is the availability of greater opportunities for market expansion and for higher scope of profitability. On the other that, these opportunities for rapid business growth has also caused in intensifying the competition in international level. As a result, in spite of the better scope for business growth, the profitability of the business has been hurting due to such fierce competition. The organizations with higher competitive advantage are the market leaders and they outperform the domestic and international players. Therefore, all the business organization within a specific market strives to gain sustainable competitive advantage by establishing core competencies. In this process, they have identified the use of technologies in their business processes as major tool to gain competitive advantage. Implementation of Information System (IS) in the multiple business process has been proved very effective in gaining competitive advantage in the international market. This paper will attempt to present the necessity and implementation of IS for supply chain management in IKEA’s global business. 2. Importance Prevailing Inventory Management in IKEA IKEA is one of the most popular global retail chains and it is mainly engaged in the retailing business of furniture, durable household items etc. Besides, it has also entered in food and restaurant business recently. However, it has been world famous for its furniture and dur able household products’ retailing business. IKEA offers highly innovative furniture and

Clothing Later Victorian (1870-1890) Essay Example for Free

Clothing Later Victorian (1870-1890) Essay After the death of her husband in 1861, Victoria went into seclusion, and though still deeply respected as sovereign of a great empire, she ceased to influence fashion as directly. The somber colors that came into fashion are attributed to the fact that the British Court remained in mourning. Black became a popular fashion color in this period, not only worn for mourning. However dress forms changed significantly. After decades of full skirts, a new silhouette appeared that accentuated the body while still covering it. The tightly fitted bodice remained, but now the full skirts were swept back, leaving a tight narrow skirt in the front, with all the fullness arranged in the back. The chief feature of this period was the rear emphasis in dress, typified by the bustle, a padded arrangement of drapery that accentuated the buttocks. The bustle was at its largest in the mid 1870s (above right), but would develop in a more tailored form in the mid 1880s (left). However, throughout the period, the narrow silhouette and rear emphasis was a constant. Although the new look was decried as immodest because it revealed, even exaggerated the female shape, it was also an extremely restricting style that required exceptionally severe corseting. This was a period in which more women were coming out of the home and into the community to participate in volunteer work and other public activities. In this period the womens rights movement (which included suffrage, protection for working women, and dress reform) gained momentum. Both the revelation of the womans body and the protest against the restrictiveness of the garments reflected the changing times. In addition to factory work, long done by poor women, the typewriter and the sewing machine were now creating work opportunities for middle class women who needed income. Since fashionable dress limited mobility, changes in dress were called for to accommodate these new realities. Art Nouveau (1890-1911) The Art Nouveau silhouette, particularly that of the 1890s, in some ways echoed the look of the early Romantic period. The Full leg-o-mutton sleeves and flared, moderately full skirts were similar (left). However, the hour-glass figure with its erect posture, stiffly boned collar band, and high shoulders suggested a more formidable image than the slope-shouldered decorative butterfly of the 1820s and 1830s. Increasing numbers of young unmarried women now worked in shops and offices, and housewives were often active in church work and other community voluntary activities. Women also began to appear socially in public, in restaurants and even at the beach. Sportswear -specialized clothing for strenuous activity- had begun to appear as early as the 1860s but in the 1890s the advent of the bicycle put women into pants bloomers in public for the first time. Tailored (but skirted) suits for women, similar to mens suits in cut, were now part of every womans wardrobe (right). A example of a dress by the House of Worth, beautifully shows the relationship of fashion design to design in the other decorative arts in this period. After 1900 the silhouette shifted to the s curve of the new corset style (left), recommended by reformers as a healthier alternative to the hour-glass silhouette. Soft, gauzy fabrics combined with lace became the style, and for special occasions, lightweight white lacy cotton dresses were worn by every one. The sinuous lines and soft materials and colors were consistent with the Art Nouveau style as we have seen it in furnishings and architecture. These soft dresses, particularly those worn near the end of the period, were also reminiscent of the classical styles of the revolutionary period a century earlier. Suits and tailored dresses also continued to be part of the daytime repetoire, however. On the whole, clothing was becoming more relaxed as womens lives continued to expand. Romantic (1815-1840) After 1815 womens dress became increasingly fussy and decorative, as skirts became fuller, and the waistline gradually descended to the natural waist. Severe corseting also returned, as did layers of petticoats. In this period, women were pushed back into a more modest role, befitting the weaker sex, often described as delicate, fragile, and decorative. The intellectuals and artists of the Romantic movement valued emotion and sentiment, in contrast to the cold reason that was perceived to have driven the revolutions of the 18th century enlightenment. Women, believed to be more emotional than men, were idealized as the muses of artists. Some, like Elizabeth Barret Browning and Mary Shelley, achieved recognition as artists in their own right. Women were also placed on a moral pedestal, and looked upon as the guardians of family and community virtue, and the educators of the children. This moral elevation of women would eventually lead some to suggest that women deserved a wider role in public affairs. However, for now, dress reflected the perception of women as weak and decorative. The slope-shouldered, full sleeved silhouette suggested a weak body, and a butterfly-like decorative quality. Later in the period, the look became increasingly subdued and modest. Early Victorian (1840-1870) The young queen Victoria came to the throne in 1837, and would rule England until 1901 during the height of the British Empire. During this period she became a happily married mother of nine children, and represented the ideal of womanhood for her age modest, devoted to family and duty, and the guardian of morality. Her tastes in clothing were also influential, reflecting her values, and those of her times. The major characteristic of the dress silhouette in this period was the exceptionally full and long skirts that completely shrouded the lower body . The skirts became so full that by the late 1850s hoops were needed to support the skirts, as the heavy layers of petticoats could no longer achieve the desired effect. The bodice and shoulders were very narrow, accentuating a weak upper body silhouette and tiny waist accentuated by the voluminous skirts. In the 1840s and 1850s deep bonnets were worn that modestly hid the face and neck except when the wearer looked directly at the viewer (above, right). In fact, except for evening wear, clothing covered virtually every bit of skin except the face (left). However, it was also in this period that the first protests against this restrictive form of dress appeared. Dress reform was associated with concern for protecting the health and welfare of women, which included the womens suffrage movement and the temperance movement. The restrictive fashionalble dress of the day was seen as both unhealthy and as a restriction on womens activities. An alternative costume was promoted that was based on loose-fitting pants borrowed from traditional Turkish womens costume. This costume became known as Bloomers, because it was popularly associated with activist and editor Amelia Jenks Bloomer. However, this costume was not widely accepted at the time for street wear, although bloomers were gradually adopted for girls and womens physical education activities. In the 1860s, though skirts reached their fullest, hats became smaller.Decoration became more geometric, and striped fabrics were also popular. By the end of the period, the full skirts became asymmetrical, with fullness pushed to the back, a precursor of the next major fashion shift. In this period the sewing machine was invented, revolutionizing the manufacture of clothing. By the mid 1850s sewing machines were appearing in private homes, and began to account for a substantial proportion of domestic clothing production. This invention also made possible the rise of the ready-to-wear clothing industry. Charles Frederick Worth became established in Paris in this period as the first true couturier that is the first dressmaker who would set fashion, not merely follow the instructions of his wealthy clients. His premier client was the French Empress Eugenie. By the 1870s the well-to- do women of the world came to his salon to be dressed by the great Worth.

Cause and Effect in David Hume’s An Enquiry Concerning Human Understand

Cause and Effect in David Hume’s An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding In An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, David Hume states, â€Å"there is not, in any single, particular instance of cause and effect, any thing which can suggest the idea of power or necessary connexion† (Hume, 1993: 41). Hume establishes in section II that all ideas originate from impressions that employ the senses (11). Therefore, in order for there to be an idea of power or â€Å"necessary connexion,† there must be impressions of this connection present in single instances of cause and effect; if there are no such impressions, then there cannot be an idea of â€Å"necessary connexion† (52). To illustrate his statement, Hume examines four situations: bodies interacting in the world, mind causing actions of the body, mind causing ideas of ideas, and God as the source of power. I will highlight Hume’s reasons and outline his arguments to establish that there is no â€Å"connexion† between cause and effect on the basis of singl e instances. Hume’s first reflection focuses on worldly bodies. Assuming that a â€Å"necessary connexion† exists between cause and effect, this effect could be determined, without prior experience, through reasoning, upon observation of the cause alone. We, however, observe the body and we observe the effect on the body or system but â€Å"the power or force, which actuates the whole machine [universe or chain of effects] is entirely concealed from us, and never discovers itself in any of the sensible qualities of body† (42). Hence, this situation demonstrates no impression of, and therefore no idea of, â€Å"necessary connexion† in â€Å"single instances of their (bodies) operation† (42). The second reflection in... ...out being ever able to comprehend any thing like connexion between them† (46). He expresses that this conjunction through similar experience is what allows us to relate cause and effect relatively accurately. On the other hand, Hume entertains the situation that â€Å"it is God himself, †¦ which we erroneously attribute to our own power and efficacy† (47). Hume argues that â€Å"there must arrise a strong suspicion †¦ (when we arrive at) conclusions so extraordinary, and so remote from common life and experience† (48). Further, Hume illustrates that no matter how ignorant we are â€Å"of the manner in which bodies operate on each other† we are equally ignorant of the supreme mind; we should reject the more unintelligible prospect (48). Works Cited Hume, David. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. 2nd edition. Hackett Publishing: Indianapolis. 1993. Cause and Effect in David Hume’s An Enquiry Concerning Human Understand Cause and Effect in David Hume’s An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding In An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, David Hume states, â€Å"there is not, in any single, particular instance of cause and effect, any thing which can suggest the idea of power or necessary connexion† (Hume, 1993: 41). Hume establishes in section II that all ideas originate from impressions that employ the senses (11). Therefore, in order for there to be an idea of power or â€Å"necessary connexion,† there must be impressions of this connection present in single instances of cause and effect; if there are no such impressions, then there cannot be an idea of â€Å"necessary connexion† (52). To illustrate his statement, Hume examines four situations: bodies interacting in the world, mind causing actions of the body, mind causing ideas of ideas, and God as the source of power. I will highlight Hume’s reasons and outline his arguments to establish that there is no â€Å"connexion† between cause and effect on the basis of singl e instances. Hume’s first reflection focuses on worldly bodies. Assuming that a â€Å"necessary connexion† exists between cause and effect, this effect could be determined, without prior experience, through reasoning, upon observation of the cause alone. We, however, observe the body and we observe the effect on the body or system but â€Å"the power or force, which actuates the whole machine [universe or chain of effects] is entirely concealed from us, and never discovers itself in any of the sensible qualities of body† (42). Hence, this situation demonstrates no impression of, and therefore no idea of, â€Å"necessary connexion† in â€Å"single instances of their (bodies) operation† (42). The second reflection in... ...out being ever able to comprehend any thing like connexion between them† (46). He expresses that this conjunction through similar experience is what allows us to relate cause and effect relatively accurately. On the other hand, Hume entertains the situation that â€Å"it is God himself, †¦ which we erroneously attribute to our own power and efficacy† (47). Hume argues that â€Å"there must arrise a strong suspicion †¦ (when we arrive at) conclusions so extraordinary, and so remote from common life and experience† (48). Further, Hume illustrates that no matter how ignorant we are â€Å"of the manner in which bodies operate on each other† we are equally ignorant of the supreme mind; we should reject the more unintelligible prospect (48). Works Cited Hume, David. An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. 2nd edition. Hackett Publishing: Indianapolis. 1993.

Formal and Informal Groups Essay

A formal group is the deliberate and systematic grouping of people in an organization so that organizational goals are better achieved. Now any organization would have a certain formula. They are very essential for the efficient functioning of the organization. What does an organization do? The total no. of people working in an organization is divided into smaller groups (teams or sections or departments) and each group is responsible for fulfilling a task which would ultimately contribute to fulfilling the organization’s goal. This increases the efficiency of the organization. Ex: If we take NITK as an example, we all know that we have a larger goal of training students for the engineering profession. But within this larger goal, we want students to be trained for computer engg, electrical, mech, etc. So this larger goal is divided into departments (example computer department), which is a formal group in this larger organization. So, all the departments together achieve the goal of efficiently training the students for engineering purpose. Informal Group: Informal groups are the natural and spontaneous grouping of people whenever they work together over a period of time. Whenever people interact and work together over a certain period of time, it’s very natural for them and it comes very spontaneously for them, that they form informal groups. For example, we are officially assigned to the computer engineering department. But in the hostel, we live with friends from other branches. So when all of us live together for a 4 year period, it’s very natural for us to interact and build up groups informally with our friends from other branches. So like this, any organization would have informal groups. Let’s compare both Formal and Informal Groups:   FORMAL GROUPS |INFORMAL GROUPS | |Deliberately created. |Spontaneously created. | |Formal groups are knowingly and systematically created. |Informal groups are not really created, they are naturally formed. | |Systematic structure. |Loose structure | |As we discussed earlier, in the computer department, we have HOD, |In informal groups, there is no structure at all. So there is a system in place. |together for some time. There is no junior and senior†¦everybody is | | |equal. | |Importance to position. |Importance to the person. | |In a formal group, importance is always given to the position. Ex: |The beauty of being in an informal group is that the position does | |the group leader, the head of department, etc. The position gets |not exist at all because there is no structure. So importance is | |importance in a formal way because there is a system in place. always given to the person. | |Relationship is official. |Relationship is personal. | |The relationship is very formal and official in a formal group. So |In an informal group, the interaction and the attachment becomes very| |the relationship and behavior is almost prescribed in a formal group. |personal and not official. | |Communication is restricted and slow. |Communication is free and fast. | |By restricted we mean that the â€Å"boss may decide that certain |Everybody wants to tell everyone all the information. With the gossip| |information should not be discussed below a certain level. † |network in an informal group, information is passed very quickly. | |Communication is very slow because a certain procedure has to be | | |followed if we want to pass down the information. | | Importance of formal groups: As human being, we tend to tilt towards informal groups. But   we have to remember that formal groups have certain characteristics that are very essential for the efficiency of the organization. For example: If we remain informal all the time, the organizational goals cannot be met. Importance of informal groups: Informal groups are just as important because they serve some very important human means. Informal groups help in developing good human relations in the organization. When we interact with people in an informal scale, we develop good relationships with them . So this develops better working relationships and therefore creates better efficiency in the organization. So, good organizations today are promoting informal activities and formation of informal groups. Ex: Parties in companies, which promotes informal interaction. Informal groups promote human dignity. Human dignity is something which is very important for every human being. As human beings, we want to be respected and treated in a particular way. So, self respect is very important for a human being. In a formal group setup, very often, our dignity is destroyed. For example: If we have a very bossy boss, everyday he will be de-motivating you by saying things like â€Å"You are useless fellow!! Who made you an engineer†!! So our dignity is destroyed. But what supports us It’s the informal group that supports us and keeps up our dignity. For example: The support from our friends helps us to keep our dignity. Informal groups help in spreading information fast through the GRAPEVINE-the informal network of communication (â€Å"The gossip network†). The grapevine is the plant on which the grape fruit grows. The characteristic of a grapevine is that it grows in all directions. So in an organization, the grapevine is the informal communication network that has grown into every group and corner of the organization. If we want information to be passed on very fast to everybody in the organization, then the grapevine is the best way. Example 1: â€Å"We can put information on a notice board† Example 2: When director makes an announcement for a holiday, information is passed very quickly. So the grapevine is active. And if a formal notice is made, then it takes time for the information to reach everybody because the formal network is very slow.

United States Undemocratic

During the nineteenth century, the United States of America was both democratic and undemocratic. As a newly independent country from Great Britain, the U. S tried to stay away from the tyrannical government which they had before. America believed that by giving people a say in the government and granting more rights to citizens, they would prove to be a successful government. However, although they seemed to be democratic, the United States still had some undemocratic aspects. The United States during the mid-1800s believed that by giving people the right to vote on government issues and the right to vote for legislatures made their government democratic. However, not everyone was given the right to vote. During the mid-1800s, women were deprived from the right to vote. At the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, women gathered together to fight for the right to vote. Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton both stated that â€Å"He has never permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise; He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Document 2). Women were treated as inferiors to men and had very little rights. Harriet Martineau describes the status of the American women in her 1834 visit to the United States (Document 6). She quotes that â€Å"every man in the towns an independent citizen; every man in the country a landowner†, however the woman of American were granted no such rights. By holding women back from the right to vote, the United States was undemocratic. As America began to expand, the need for more workers increased. The states in the south needed more workers to farm, while the north needed workers in factories. The Southerners used slaves to take care of their massive plantations. These slaves were given no salary, improper food, and improper living conditions. The slaves worked hard, long hours and were whipped if their job did not satisfy their owner. Slavery was so bad that many tried to escape using different unique methods. Henry â€Å"Box† Brown desired freedom so much that he shipped himself in a small box to a slave free state (Document 1). Many believed that inside the crate there were dry goods, however to their surprise, an African American man appeared and was now a free man. Unlike the South however, the North rejected the idea of slavery. They believed that it was against the Constitution and should be abolished. However, the Northerners needed people to work in their factories. Although they believed slavery was worse, they hired children and adults to work in the factories for long hours with little pay. Working in a factory was dangerous; many workers were abused and due to their working conditions were often sick. From the 1840’s cartoon contrasting slavery in the American South with â€Å"wage slavery† in the American North, there is very little difference from the way the workers and slaves were treated (Document 4). Slaves and factory workers had no control over their lives and thus made the American system undemocratic. Slaves and factory workers were not the only people who were treated as inferiors. Stereotyping of immigrants became a popular trend during the mid-1800s. As more immigrants arrived, the American citizens believed they were superior to such people and treated with utmost disrespect. The Irish were depicted as drinkers and uneducated, while the Germans were also associated with drinking. Many Americans became known as nativists. Nativists were those that favor the ideas of people already living in the land as opposed to immigrants. These people tried to protect the ballot from Irish and German immigrants. The nativists felt that the immigrants stole the ballots because they were unaware of their new land and government and were taking ballots away from those that were living in America for years. In the illustration of an Irish immigrant and a German immigrant, we see them stereotyped as drinkers by the barrels surrounding their bodies, and it shows them actually stealing the ballot (Document 5). This steered a sense of hatred for the immigrants by the American citizens. These new immigrants were treated as second-citizens in this undemocratic nation. Even people native to the land were still treated without respect. In the painting of â€Å"the Trail of Tears†, innocent men, women and children were thrown out of their land because they Native Americans (Document 3). The U. S government showed no sympathy for them and forced them to move to a new location. On this voyage known as the â€Å"Trail of Tears†, many Native Americans lost their lives because of improper food and health care. Forcing the Native Americans out of their homes showed other nations that the U.  S government was not very democratic as it preached. Although the United States was seen as unfair in some aspects, the United States was still considered democratic during the mid-1800s. The United States was still viewed as a land of freedom and pride. During the Jacksonian era, it was the fight for the common man to have a say in the government. The United States did not want powerful and rich civilians to be running the government, but hoped that the common man would help America become a stronger nation. In the painting â€Å"Canvassing for a vote†, it is the role of the common man to have a say in the government. The United States proved its democratic status through the vote of the common man. In the early 1800’s, the United States was a fairly new country. After being ruled under a tyrannical government, the United States feared that by giving the government so much power it would lead to a government like Great Britain. The United States was known as a democratic nation, where the people had a great say in the government. However, citizens considered this new nation to have some undemocratic ways. Still the United States was considered a land of freedom and prosperity.

Patriots vs. Loyalists Essays

Patriots vs. Loyalists Essays Patriots vs. Loyalists Paper Patriots vs. Loyalists Paper Town Meeting Reflection Essay The town meeting that was held a week ago was confusing but exciting at the same time. Loyalists and Patriots were arguing their opinions of colonial independence. The loyalists wanted to prevent the colonial independence movement but the patriots wanted that independence. So because of the movement, patriots and loyalists began arguing and debating. Some didnt get to say what they were going to say and some had their chance. I think the patriots had better arguments, because hey were more concise about the debates, such as the taxation without representation and the Stamp Act. The loyalists also had good arguments such as taxes were paid in order to protect colonies. During the town meeting, the patriots had some good points for colonial independence. One of the major argument that was mentioned was taxation without representation. Taxation without representation meant that colonists refused to pay taxes to England until they were represented in British Parliament. They were paying high taxes to support a government The Stamp Act was a British act that taxed every British good by making the colonists buy a stamp for every British good purchased. But was later canceled. So when the patriots heard about this they tarred and feathered the British tax collectors. These arguments brought up during the town meeting were convincing because backed up their debates. The loyalists of the town meeting brought up major points like the taxing colonists or everything but were being used to protect them as well. One person said we tax you so we can protect you and your family. The debate started from then on. Patriots got furious, and said we dont need you to protect us, we can protect ourselves. the loyalists responded with if we didnt put a soldier with guns in your houses to protect you, then you might have been dead by now. So the debate went on and on. But ended up with the patriots winning the debate. I dont think the loyalists had a invoicing argument because they kept repeating the same thing over and over, which was we tax you to protect you. Overall the town meeting was great. People had their say about what they dont like about the colonial independence. The loyalists who stayed loyal to the king and Britain didnt have persuading thoughts so I have to say Im going to go with the patriots side. The patriots had lots of good arguments and they were more convincing. Patriots vs.. Loyalists Town Meeting Reflection Essay By lustiness

July 2007 Most Popular Articles

July 2007 Most Popular Articles July 2007 Most Popular Articles July 2007 Most Popular Articles By Daniel Scocco Five Frequently Misused Verbs: Go, Come, Write, Give, and Eat. Among the most frequently used words in English, these five verbs are also the most frequently misused. The error occurs when the simple past forms are used to form the present or past perfect Dialogue Dos and Don’ts: In the post Show, Don’t Tell, I mentioned dialogue as one of the ways you can â€Å"show† your reader what’s happening in a scene. Effective dialogue is an essential part of both fiction and creative nonfiction writing. How to Bypass Your Internal Editor: When you edit your first draft, you’ll have all sorts of ideas of what to change. But when you write your first draft, you want to turn off the â€Å"internal editor† in your mind, that super-ego that looks over your shoulder and criticizes everything you do. Editing is different from writing. Most people can’t successfully do both at the same time. And when you do your first draft, you need to focus on writing. Accept the Effect: These words give writers trouble since the two can be both a noun and a verb, although affect is typically verb and effect, noun. Normally, you will use affect to denote influence. The Impotence of Proofreading: Its a fact that a spell checker will not catch all the mistakes on your text. More specifically, it will not catch misspellings that form other valid words. So how do you solve this problem? Proofreading, of coarse! Less/Fewer; Number/Amount: Still Salvageable: The difference between less and fewer, like that between lay and lie, is on the brink of extinction, but enough careful speakers and writers observe the difference to make it worth our attention. Ready, Set, Write!: One of the biggest problems people have with writing is getting started. A blank page (or computer screen) can be intimidating, but prewriting is a great way to overcome that intimidation. Here are some prewriting activities to help get the words flowing out of your brain and onto the page. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FutureExcited ABOUT, not "for" While vs. Whilst

Multiculturalism Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Multiculturalism - Research Proposal Example This also applies to the aspect of multiculturalism. Multiculturalism remains a controversial issue in many regions, including Canada. While some people consider it negative, some view it as positive. Nonetheless, the importance of multiculturalism is quite evident, thus it is important to explore the evidence that shows that multiculturalism is important in society.Thesis Statement/central argument A key argument in this proposal is that multiculturalism is a good thing in society, and so people need to embrace and develop this phenomenon, in order to realize development in various aspects of their lives and country. Methods and procedures In order to provide evidence to support the argument in this proposal, the method of literature review will be utilized. In this method, evidence will be drawn from past literature, which has focused on multiculturalism, as well as how this is important for the realization of development in the life of an individual, and in society as a whole. Evi dence and sources that will be used to support the argument The sources used will be drawn from various journals. Journal articles are authentic, thus reliable for supporting major arguments. Additionally, these provide valid information, which is also reliable and can be used for reference purposes. In total, seven journal articles will be utilized. These are published in various journals and focus on the issue of multiculturalism. Using these sources will help to support the argument that has been advanced in the proposal.